Human Resources Management Employee Attitudes and Job Satisfaction
The research by Saari & Judge (2004) does lay the foundation of three specific gaps between the Human Resources practice and the scientific research that support theories that provide insight onto how to properly integrate workers into a workforce to meet organizational goals and the mission. The gaps outlined by Sarri & Judge are below.
The Causes of Employee Attitudes
The Results of Positive or Negative Job Satisfaction
How To Measure and Influence Employee Attitude
The Causes of Employee Attitudes are a subdivided into core categories including Dispositional Influences, Cultural Influences, Work Situation Influences. The gaps are a function of these categories as the real job work environment is subject to differentiation and variation from the underlying theory. "In addition, one of the most important areas of the work situation to influence job satisfaction -- the work itself -- is often overlooked by practitioners when addressing job satisfaction." (Sarri, Judge, 2004)
The research from prior work in the area of theoretical behavioral approaches within the work place has revealed an interesting thesis to why some are more likely to integrate and work within a structured system at the work place. Although many systems are unstructured, the worker may not have the most appropriate skill set to utilize such an environment. "Researchers have begun to explore the psychological processes that underlie dispositional causes of job satisfaction. For example, Weiss and Cropenzano (1996) suggest that disposition may influence the experience of emotionally significant events at work, which in turn influences job satisfaction. Similarly, Brief (1998) and Motowidlo (1996) have developed theoretical models in an attempt to better understand the relationship between dispositions and job satisfaction." (Sarri, Judge, 2004)
Additionally research from Durkheim and others "found that a key personality trait, core self-evaluation, correlates with (is statistically relevant to) employee job satisfaction." (Sarri, Judge, 2004)...
Extraverted personalities are not normally found working autonomously. Additionally, the extraverted personality is often reprimanded by management for interfering with the work of others and not focusing on their own work.
Cultural influences and Work Situation Influences are also had a major impact on the relative happiness of an employee on the job. The Hofstede research (1980, 1985) was comprehensive in nature and covered 67 countries (Sarri, Judge, 2004) and "found the four cross cultural dimensions are individualism-collectivism; uncertainty avoidance vs. risk taking; power distance, or the extent to which power is unequally distributed; and masculinity/femininity, more recently called achievement orientation." (Sarri, Judge, 2004)
Since the study, much as changed within work environments and the work groups that are created when an employee is hired to work. Subsequent to achievement orientation, workers are often marginalized by work groups as the inherent biases and dissention to a particular idea is often facilitated. A true winner that always produces the best solution will often not have their idea worked on as often as should due to co-worker input that will often cause the idea to not be investigated.
The inability for the inclusion of the most appropriate ideas within the group environment is inherently restricting. Additionally, the notion of autonomous work teams that work on their own ideas yet convene to discuss particulars with their projects such that the work group is a collective brain that enables each other to progress. Often times, in college settings such as dormitories, these activities occur and are often the most appropriate means to achieve innovation. If the work place were more like a college dormitory, perhaps there would be further integration and success with respect to the organizational goal structure.
"In a study examining the importance of job attributes, employees ranked interesting work as…
